Which option is the best way for investors to manage currency risk?

Locking in forward rates for known foreign payments is a prudent way for investors to manage currency risk because it provides certainty regarding the exchange rate for transactions that will occur in the future. This strategy is particularly effective in situations where an investor knows they will have foreign currency obligations, such as paying suppliers or receiving payments in a foreign currency. By agreeing to a forward contract, investors can mitigate the potential negative impacts of currency fluctuations, allowing for better financial planning and reducing volatility in their cash flows.

This approach is beneficial as it protects against adverse currency movements, enabling the investor to manage their budget and forecasts without the uncertainty of future exchange rate changes. It is particularly useful in markets where currencies are volatile, providing a clear pathway for financial commitments.

While diversity of currency exposure can reduce overall risk, it does not directly address the fluctuation of any particular currency that is tied to specific liabilities or revenue. Investing in local currencies might expose investors to local currency risks without any hedging benefits. Fluctuating currency holdings can increase exposure to volatility and lead to potential losses if not managed carefully. Hence, locking in forward rates stands out as the most effective and proactive approach for managing known future currency risk.